Science
Science is gold, it is the one thing that it is applied in everyone's daily lives. Most of the technology that is present in the world today is because of science. If it were not for science, we would not have any access to technology and think about how terrible that would be. Scientist nowadays are making more and more fascinating discoveries that are the solutions to many long term problems that our planet, earth, is facing. Therefore science is amazing.
Attributes to being an excellent scientist curiousity - meaning to always have doubts about certain things and then finding an
explanation peserverance - to never give up no matter facing what kinds of difficulties to think out of the box - think of alternative methods when it comes to solving a problem tolerate - when people say that your theory will never work, one must ignore their comments,
go on and prove them wrong integrity - not to take others work as your own, must be honest and produce work that has
done by himself through his own ability
How scientist work
1. Choose a problem
2. Analyse the problem and make observations
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Design and experiement to prove if hypothesis is correct or not
5. Test out hypothesis by carrying out experiment
6. Organize data
7. Conclude all findings
Science experiements can be fun to conduct. However, one must always take safety precautions in case anything happens. To ensure safety, we must abide by all laboratory safety rules at all times.
General safety rules
- Do not enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission.
- Open all doors and windows unless otherwise instructed by your teacher .
- Do not carry out any test or experiment without the teacher’s permission.
- Read the instructions first and understand them before starting any experiment. If in doubt,
always ask your teacher
- Handle all apparatus and chemicals carefully and correctly. Always check the label on the
container before using the substance it contains
- Do not pour any unused chemicals back into its container to avoid contamination.
- Do not taste any chemicals unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
- Do not eat, drink or play in the laboratory.
- Do not tamper with the electrical mains and other fittings in the laboratory.
- Work tidily. Wash up all used apparatus and dispose of the waste correctly.
- Return the apparatus to their proper storage places after cleaning.
- Do not remove any apparatus or chemicals from the laboratory.
- Wash your hands after all laboratory work.
Safety rules when heating or mixing chemicals
- Wear goggles when mixing or heating chemicals.
- Place flammable substances away from a naked flames.
- Point the mouth of a test tube or boiling tube which is being heated away from yourself or your friends.
When accidents occur
- Report all accidents, injuries, breakage and spillage to your teacher immediately.
- Should a chemical get into your mouth, spit it out into a basin and rinse your mouth with plenty of water.
- If any chemical comes into contact with other parts of your body or clothing, wash thoroughly with water and report to your teacher. Science
Science is gold, it is the one thing that it is applied in everyone's daily lives. Most of the technology that is present in the world today is because of science. If it were not for science, we would not have any access to technology and think about how terrible that would be. Scientist nowadays are making more and more fascinating discoveries that are the solutions to many long term problems that our planet, earth, is facing. Therefore science is amazing.
Attributes to being an excellent scientist curiousity - meaning to always have doubts about certain things and then finding an
explanation peserverance - to never give up no matter facing what kinds of difficulties to think out of the box - think of alternative methods when it comes to solving a problem tolerate - when people say that your theory will never work, one must ignore their comments,
go on and prove them wrong integrity - not to take others work as your own, must be honest and produce work that has
done by himself through his own ability
How scientist work
1. Choose a problem
2. Analyse the problem and make observations
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Design and experiement to prove if hypothesis is correct or not
5. Test out hypothesis by carrying out experiment
6. Organize data
7. Conclude all findings
Science experiements can be fun to conduct. However, one must always take safety precautions in case anything happens. To ensure safety, we must abide by all laboratory safety rules at all times.
General safety rules
- Do not enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission.
- Open all doors and windows unless otherwise instructed by your teacher .
- Do not carry out any test or experiment without the teacher’s permission.
- Read the instructions first and understand them before starting any experiment. If in doubt,
always ask your teacher
- Handle all apparatus and chemicals carefully and correctly. Always check the label on the
container before using the substance it contains
- Do not pour any unused chemicals back into its container to avoid contamination.
- Do not taste any chemicals unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
- Do not eat, drink or play in the laboratory.
- Do not tamper with the electrical mains and other fittings in the laboratory.
- Work tidily. Wash up all used apparatus and dispose of the waste correctly.
- Return the apparatus to their proper storage places after cleaning.
- Do not remove any apparatus or chemicals from the laboratory.
- Wash your hands after all laboratory work.
Safety rules when heating or mixing chemicals
- Wear goggles when mixing or heating chemicals.
- Place flammable substances away from a naked flames.
- Point the mouth of a test tube or boiling tube which is being heated away from yourself or your friends.
When accidents occur
- Report all accidents, injuries, breakage and spillage to your teacher immediately.
- Should a chemical get into your mouth, spit it out into a basin and rinse your mouth with plenty of water.
- If any chemical comes into contact with other parts of your body or clothing, wash thoroughly with water and report to your teacher
Hazard Symbols
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of flammable substances and to keep the flammable substance away from a fire or any heat, to prevent anything flammable from catching fire.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of explosive substances and that explosive substances normally explode when in close contact with heat, so one must be careful and use according to given instructions.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of corrosive substances and that we must avoid direct contact with corrosive substances as they can cause very severe burns.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of poisonous or toxic substances and never eat, taste and drink poisonous substances. Always use them according to given instructions by teacher.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of irritating or simulative substances. Make sure to avoid inhaling the vapour or sitmulative substance, always use them in a fume chamber.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of radioactive substances and we must abide the safety measures when handling with radioactive substances.
Laboratory equipment
There are many laboratory equipments and they are known as apparatus. Some are very common and can be found in any science laboratory. Apparatus include - test tubes, beakers, conical flask, measuring cylinders, test tube holders, gas jars, balances, tripod and retort stand. Some of these apparatus are needed in order to conduct a scientifc experiment.
Bunsen burner
How to light a bunsen burner
close the air holes
put the lighter above the barrel
turn on the gas tap
strike the lighter to ignite the flame
Open the air-hole until a non-luminous flame is obtained
Types of flames
There are 2 types of flames, the luminous flame and the non-luminous flame.
Luminous flame
Occurs when the air-holes are closed,
insufficient air is allowed to mix with the
gas therefore gas does not burn completely.
Carbon particles are produced.
Orange in colour.
Not very hot.
Appear flickering and unsteady
Non-luminous flame
Occurs when the air-holes are open
allowing sufficient air into the burner
therefore gas is burn completely. 2. Blue in colour. 3. Burns steadily. 4. Hotter than Luminous flame. 5. Hottest part of the flame is just above
the tip of the dark blue zone.
Strikeback
1. Occurs when there is too much air. 2. There is a large supply of air because the
air-holes are fully opened. - Instead of burning at the mouth of the
barrel, the gas burns at the jet. 3. Very hot. When a strikeback occurs, turn the gas tap off immediately.
Term 1
ScienceScience is gold, it is the one thing that it is applied in everyone's daily lives. Most of the technology that is present in the world today is because of science. If it were not for science, we would not have any access to technology and think about how terrible that would be. Scientist nowadays are making more and more fascinating discoveries that are the solutions to many long term problems that our planet, earth, is facing. Therefore science is amazing.
Attributes to being an excellent scientist
curiousity - meaning to always have doubts about certain things and then finding an
explanation
peserverance - to never give up no matter facing what kinds of difficulties
to think out of the box - think of alternative methods when it comes to solving a problem
tolerate - when people say that your theory will never work, one must ignore their comments,
go on and prove them wrong
integrity - not to take others work as your own, must be honest and produce work that has
done by himself through his own ability
How scientist work
1. Choose a problem
2. Analyse the problem and make observations
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Design and experiement to prove if hypothesis is correct or not
5. Test out hypothesis by carrying out experiment
6. Organize data
7. Conclude all findings
Science experiements can be fun to conduct. However, one must always take safety precautions in case anything happens. To ensure safety, we must abide by all laboratory safety rules at all times.
General safety rules
- Do not enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission.
- Open all doors and windows unless otherwise instructed by your teacher .
- Do not carry out any test or experiment without the teacher’s permission.
- Read the instructions first and understand them before starting any experiment. If in doubt,
always ask your teacher
- Handle all apparatus and chemicals carefully and correctly. Always check the label on the
container before using the substance it contains
- Do not pour any unused chemicals back into its container to avoid contamination.
- Do not taste any chemicals unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
- Do not eat, drink or play in the laboratory.
- Do not tamper with the electrical mains and other fittings in the laboratory.
- Work tidily. Wash up all used apparatus and dispose of the waste correctly.
- Return the apparatus to their proper storage places after cleaning.
- Do not remove any apparatus or chemicals from the laboratory.
- Wash your hands after all laboratory work.
Safety rules when heating or mixing chemicals
- Wear goggles when mixing or heating chemicals.
- Place flammable substances away from a naked flames.
- Point the mouth of a test tube or boiling tube which is being heated away from yourself or your friends.
When accidents occur
- Report all accidents, injuries, breakage and spillage to your teacher immediately.
- Should a chemical get into your mouth, spit it out into a basin and rinse your mouth with plenty of water.
- If any chemical comes into contact with other parts of your body or clothing, wash thoroughly with water and report to your teacher.
Science
Science is gold, it is the one thing that it is applied in everyone's daily lives. Most of the technology that is present in the world today is because of science. If it were not for science, we would not have any access to technology and think about how terrible that would be. Scientist nowadays are making more and more fascinating discoveries that are the solutions to many long term problems that our planet, earth, is facing. Therefore science is amazing.
Attributes to being an excellent scientist
curiousity - meaning to always have doubts about certain things and then finding an
explanation
peserverance - to never give up no matter facing what kinds of difficulties
to think out of the box - think of alternative methods when it comes to solving a problem
tolerate - when people say that your theory will never work, one must ignore their comments,
go on and prove them wrong
integrity - not to take others work as your own, must be honest and produce work that has
done by himself through his own ability
How scientist work
1. Choose a problem
2. Analyse the problem and make observations
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Design and experiement to prove if hypothesis is correct or not
5. Test out hypothesis by carrying out experiment
6. Organize data
7. Conclude all findings
Science experiements can be fun to conduct. However, one must always take safety precautions in case anything happens. To ensure safety, we must abide by all laboratory safety rules at all times.
General safety rules
- Do not enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission.
- Open all doors and windows unless otherwise instructed by your teacher .
- Do not carry out any test or experiment without the teacher’s permission.
- Read the instructions first and understand them before starting any experiment. If in doubt,
always ask your teacher
- Handle all apparatus and chemicals carefully and correctly. Always check the label on the
container before using the substance it contains
- Do not pour any unused chemicals back into its container to avoid contamination.
- Do not taste any chemicals unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
- Do not eat, drink or play in the laboratory.
- Do not tamper with the electrical mains and other fittings in the laboratory.
- Work tidily. Wash up all used apparatus and dispose of the waste correctly.
- Return the apparatus to their proper storage places after cleaning.
- Do not remove any apparatus or chemicals from the laboratory.
- Wash your hands after all laboratory work.
Safety rules when heating or mixing chemicals
- Wear goggles when mixing or heating chemicals.
- Place flammable substances away from a naked flames.
- Point the mouth of a test tube or boiling tube which is being heated away from yourself or your friends.
When accidents occur
- Report all accidents, injuries, breakage and spillage to your teacher immediately.
- Should a chemical get into your mouth, spit it out into a basin and rinse your mouth with plenty of water.
- If any chemical comes into contact with other parts of your body or clothing, wash thoroughly with water and report to your teacher
Hazard Symbols
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of flammable substances and to keep the flammable substance away from a fire or any heat, to prevent anything flammable from catching fire.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of explosive substances and that explosive substances normally explode when in close contact with heat, so one must be careful and use according to given instructions.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of corrosive substances and that we must avoid direct contact with corrosive substances as they can cause very severe burns.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of poisonous or toxic substances and never eat, taste and drink poisonous substances. Always use them according to given instructions by teacher.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of irritating or simulative substances. Make sure to avoid inhaling the vapour or sitmulative substance, always use them in a fume chamber.
The above hazard symbol is to warn people of radioactive substances and we must abide the safety measures when handling with radioactive substances.
Laboratory equipment
There are many laboratory equipments and they are known as apparatus. Some are very common and can be found in any science laboratory. Apparatus include - test tubes, beakers, conical flask, measuring cylinders, test tube holders, gas jars, balances, tripod and retort stand. Some of these apparatus are needed in order to conduct a scientifc experiment.Bunsen burner
How to light a bunsen burner
Types of flames
There are 2 types of flames, the luminous flame and the non-luminous flame.Luminous flame
insufficient air is allowed to mix with the
gas therefore gas does not burn completely.
Non-luminous flame
- Occurs when the air-holes are open
allowing sufficient air into the burnertherefore gas is burn completely.
2. Blue in colour.
3. Burns steadily.
4. Hotter than Luminous flame.
5. Hottest part of the flame is just above
the tip of the dark blue zone.
Strikeback
1. Occurs when there is too much air.2. There is a large supply of air because the
air-holes are fully opened. - Instead of burning at the mouth of the
barrel, the gas burns at the jet.
3. Very hot.
When a strikeback occurs, turn the gas tap off immediately.